ABSTRACT Preschool-age children who stutter can experience negative attitudes and beliefs about oneself. This information is essential to the assessment and intervention in speech and language therapy. However, there is only translated into European Portuguese (EP) the instrument Scale of Children’s Atittudes (A-19), by Guitar and Grims (1977). The aim of this research is the translation, adaptation, and content validation of the assessment instrument Preschooler Awareness of Stuttering Survey (PASS), developed by Abbiati et al. (2013), from English to EP. A cross-sectional descriptive qualitative methodology was used and the methodological procedures of translation, back-translation and panel of experts (Sousa & Rojjanasrirat, 2011) were implemented. In the translation phase, differences were noted between the original and the translated version regarding the semantic and idiomatic equivalences of different concepts and expressions (Borsa et al., 2012). It was also verified the need to include new information to enhance the comprehension of the instrument application. In the back-translation, it was noted the use of synonyms of concepts/expressions of the original version, keeping the same type of sentence structure. The panel of experts focused on the conceptual equivalence of the items of the instrument's record sheets. It was considered that the concepts remained preserved, the items understandable, and the translation of the instrument appropriate to the intended target population. The continuation of this research aims to provide speech therapists with a new instrument to assess preschool-age children who stutter, contributing to a reliable assessment that enhances therapeutic intervention according to the characteristics and needs of each child.

RESUMEN Los niños que tartamudean en edad preescolar pueden experimentar actitudes y creencias negativas sobre uno mismo. Esta información es esencial para la evaluación e intervención en la terapia del habla y lenguaje. Sin embargo, solo se tradujo al portugués europeo (PE) el instrumento Scale of Children’s Atittudes (A-19), de Guitar e Grims (1977). El objetivo de esta investigación es la traducción, adaptación y validación de contenido del instrumento de evaluación Prechooler Awareness of Stuttering Survey (PASS), desarrollado por Abbiati et al. (2013), del inglés al PE. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa descriptiva transversal e se implementaron los procedimientos metodológicos de traducción, retrotraducción y panel de expertos (Sousa & Rojjanasrirat, 2011). En la fase de traducción se verificaron diferencias entre la versión original y la versión traducida en cuanto a las equivalencias semánticas e idiomáticas de diferentes conceptos y expresiones (Borsa et al., 2012). También se verificó la necesidad de incluir nueva información para mejorar la comprensión de la aplicación del instrumento. En la retrotraducción, se observó el uso de sinónimos para los conceptos/expresiones la versión original, manteniendo el mismo tipo de estructura oracional. El panel de expertos se centró en la equivalencia conceptual de los elementos de las hojas de registro del instrumento. Se consideró que los conceptos permanecieron preservados, los ítems entendibles y la traducción del instrumento apropiada para la población objetivo prevista. La continuación de esta investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar a los logopedas un nuevo instrumento para evaluar a los niños que tartamudean en edad preescolar, contribuyendo a una evaluación confiable que mejora la intervención terapéutica de acuerdo con las características y necesidades de cada niño.

Reações emocionais negativas e mudanças de autoperceção poderão ser experienciadas por crianças que gaguejam em idade pré-escolar. Estas informações são essenciais à avaliação e à intervenção em terapia da fala. Contudo, apenas existe traduzido para o português europeu (PE) o instrumento Scale of Children’s Atittudes (A-19). O objetivo deste trabalho passa pela tradução, adaptação e validação do conteúdo do instrumento de avaliação Preschooler Awareness of Stuttering Survey (PASS), do inglês para o PE. Utilizou-se uma metodologia qualitativa descritiva transversal e os procedimentos empregues foram: tradução, retrotradução e realização de painel de peritos. Na tradução verificaram-se diferenças entre a versão original e a versão traduzida quanto às equivalências semântica e idiomática de conceitos e expressões. Além disso, verificou-se a necessidade de incluir nova informação para promover a compreensão da aplicabilidade do instrumento. Na retrotradução, constatou-se a utilização de sinónimos dos conceitos/expressões da versão original, mantendo-se o mesmo tipo de estrutura frásica. O painel de peritos focou-se na equivalência concetual dos itens das folhas de registo do instrumento. Considerou-se que os conceitos se mantiveram preservados, os itens compreensíveis e a tradução do instrumento adequada à população-alvo pretendida. A continuação desta investigação pretende fornecer aos terapeutas da fala um novo instrumento que auxilie a avaliação de crianças que gaguejam em idade pré-escolar, contribuindo para uma avaliação fidedigna que potencie a intervenção terapêutica de acordo com as características e necessidades de cada criança.

Resumo Analisou-se a implementação da Política de Saúde Bucal no Brasil no período 2018-2021, através das ações institucionais, implantação dos serviços, resultados alcançados e financiamento federal. Estudo de monitoramento, a partir da análise documental e de dados secundários, obtidos em sites institucionais, sistemas de informações governamentais e notícias publicadas por entidades odontológicas. Todos os indicadores de resultados monitorados apresentaram expressiva redução dos valores entre 2020-2021, com agravamento desde 2018, como a cobertura da primeira consulta odontológica e ação coletiva de escovação dental supervisionada, que chegou a 1,8% e 0,02% em 2021, respectivamente. Observa-se uma queda do financiamento federal nos anos 2018-2019 (8,45%), com crescimento em 2020 (59,53%) e nova diminuição em 2021 (5,18%). O período analisado foi marcado por crise econômica e política, agravadas pela crise sanitária, decorrente da pandemia do COVID-19. Contexto que influenciou o funcionamento dos serviços de saúde no Brasil. No caso particular da saúde bucal, verificou-se progressiva e acentuada redução dos resultados, ainda que a implantação dos serviços de atenção básica e especializada tenha se mantido estável.

Abstract This study analyzed the implementation of Brazil’s National Oral Health Policy during the period 2018-2021, covering institutional actions, implementation of public dental services, results achieved, and federal funding. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using documentary analysis and secondary data obtained from institutional websites, government information systems, and reports published by dental organizations. The findings show a significant reduction in funding between 2020 and 2021 and declining performance against indicators since 2018, such as coverage of first dental appointments and group supervised tooth brushing, which stood at 1.8% and 0.02%, respectively, in 2021. Federal funding dropped in 2018 and 2019 (8.45%), followed by an increase in 2020 (59.53%) and decrease in 2021 (-5.18%). The study period was marked by economic and political crises aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This context influenced the functioning of health services in Brazil. There was a sharp reduction in performance against oral health indicators, while performance in primary health care and specialized care services remained stable.

Abstract This study analyzed the implementation of Brazil’s National Oral Health Policy during the period 2018-2021, covering institutional actions, implementation of public dental services, results achieved, and federal funding. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study using documentary analysis and secondary data obtained from institutional websites, government information systems, and reports published by dental organizations. The findings show a significant reduction in funding between 2020 and 2021 and declining performance against indicators since 2018, such as coverage of first dental appointments and group supervised tooth brushing, which stood at 1.8% and 0.02%, respectively, in 2021. Federal funding dropped in 2018 and 2019 (8.45%), followed by an increase in 2020 (59.53%) and decrease in 2021 (-5.18%). The study period was marked by economic and political crises aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This context influenced the functioning of health services in Brazil. There was a sharp reduction in performance against oral health indicators, while performance in primary health care and specialized care services remained stable.

Resumo Analisou-se a implementação da Política de Saúde Bucal no Brasil no período 2018-2021, através das ações institucionais, implantação dos serviços, resultados alcançados e financiamento federal. Estudo de monitoramento, a partir da análise documental e de dados secundários, obtidos em sites institucionais, sistemas de informações governamentais e notícias publicadas por entidades odontológicas. Todos os indicadores de resultados monitorados apresentaram expressiva redução dos valores entre 2020-2021, com agravamento desde 2018, como a cobertura da primeira consulta odontológica e ação coletiva de escovação dental supervisionada, que chegou a 1,8% e 0,02% em 2021, respectivamente. Observa-se uma queda do financiamento federal nos anos 2018-2019 (8,45%), com crescimento em 2020 (59,53%) e nova diminuição em 2021 (5,18%). O período analisado foi marcado por crise econômica e política, agravadas pela crise sanitária, decorrente da pandemia do COVID-19. Contexto que influenciou o funcionamento dos serviços de saúde no Brasil. No caso particular da saúde bucal, verificou-se progressiva e acentuada redução dos resultados, ainda que a implantação dos serviços de atenção básica e especializada tenha se mantido estável.

One of the main phenomena causing problems in the oil industry is the precipitation of waxes, which can crystallize and form deposits, clogging lines and reducing flows. Many studies have been conducted seeking to overcome this problem, mainly through application of chemical to increase flow. Some studies have shown that the asphaltenes present in crude oil can also be involved in the process of wax deposition. In this study, model systems were investigated to determine the influence of a natural additive, a chemical additive and their combined use on the fluidity of the samples. The natural additive, consisting of a refinery asphalt residue (ASPR), was studied in relation to the influence of its aggregation states on the fluidity of the wax model systems. All samples were evaluated through the pour point test, according to the ASTM D-97 standard. The results indicated that both the ASPR and the commercial poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) can improve the fluidity. Synergistic effect, using both together, was verified by the significant reduction of pour point for model systems with wax content as high as 13% m v-1. That action was closely related to the concentration of ASPR and its aggregation state, as indicated by tests with different wax concentrations.

Abstract Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) protein participates in proliferation, migration, cell survival, and apoptosis process. It has been described as overexpressed in several neoplasms being a promising target for therapy. BCR-ABL negative chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders characterized by the excess of proliferation and apoptosis resistance. The identification of the acquired JAK2 V617F mutation in MPN patients allowed a better understanding of pathogenesis. However, there is still no pharmacological treatment that leads all patients to molecular remission, justifying new studies. The present study aimed to evaluate FAK involvement in the viability and apoptosis of HEL and SET-2 cells, both JAK2 V617F positive cell lines. The FAK inhibitor PF 562,271 was used. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay and apoptosis verified by cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase 3 and Annexin-V/PI staining detection. FAK inhibition significantly reduced HEL and SET-2 cells viability and induced apoptosis. Considering the role of JAK/STAT pathway in MPN, further investigation of FAK participation in the MPN cells proliferation and apoptosis resistance, as well as possible crosstalk between JAK and FAK and downstream pathways may contribute to the knowledge of MPN pathophysiology, the discovery of new molecular targets, and JAK inhibitors resistance mechanisms.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). A total of 24 adolescents with jSLE (15.92 ± 2.06 years) and 12 systemically healthy controls (15.25 ± 2.7 years) were included in the study. Participants underwent rheumatologic testing and periodontal examination, with the recording of plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing index (BPI). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from both groups and stored at -80 ºC. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a spectrometer operating at 500 MHz. Partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) were used for statistical analysis. Mean CAL and PI were significantly increased in the group with jSLE (p < 0.01). Patients with jSLE presented a significantly different salivary metabolic profile (accuracy = 0.54; R2 = 0.86; Q2 = -0.293), significantly higher salivary levels of N-acetyl sugars, and significantly reduced levels of phenylalanine, glycine, taurine, hydroxybutyrate, and valerate compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). It is suggested that the salivary metabolomic profile analyzed by 1H NMR in patients with jSLE presents a different fingerprint that the systemically healthy subjects. Integrating the variation of metabolites with the identification of the metabolic pathways involved seems to provide a better understanding of the influence of systemic disease on salivary metabolites.

Abstract Introduction Certain weight management methods may be associated with unhealthy dietary intakes, skewing toward certain dietary components and lacking others. Management of weight should not ignore the quality of the diet, as both obesity and poor diet are associated with higher risk of chronic disease. Objective: To conduct a diet quality and exercise scan and observe their repercussion on BMI, in adults from Spain, Portugal, Uruguay and Mexico. Material and Methods An observational retrospective cohort study was designed, with 1181 adults aged 18-65 years. HEI-2010 score was used to assess diet quality. Data on type, days a week and hours/day of exercise, and participant’s anthropometric measures were collected. Results The mean HEI-2010 score was 65.21. There were no statistically significant differences between HEI-2010 score and BMI [p=0.706], BMI and days of exercise per week [p=0.151], BMI and hours/day of exercise [p=0.590] and BMI and being active [>3 days/week] [p=0.106]. On the contrary, overall exercise influenced BMI significantly [p<0.001]. Conclusions Dietary patterns may help to prevent weight gain and fight overweight and obesity. This study, however, did not observe associations between the quality of the diet nor specifics of exercise with lower BMIs. The quality of the diet of adults in Spain, Portugal, Uruguay and Mexico fell short of recommendations.

Resumen Introducción Ciertos métodos de control de peso pueden estar asociados con ingestas dietéticas poco saludables, inclinándose hacia ciertos componentes de la dieta y omitiendo otros. El manejo del peso no debe ignorar la calidad de la dieta, ya que tanto la obesidad como la mala alimentación están asociadas con un mayor riesgo de enfermedad crónica. Objetivo: Realizar un exploración de la calidad de la dieta y el ejercicio y observar su repercusión en el IMC, en adultos de España, Portugal, Uruguay y Méjico. Material y Métodos Se diseñó un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo, con 1181 adultos de 18 a 65 años. La puntuación HEI-2010 se utilizó para evaluar la calidad de la dieta. Se recopilaron datos sobre el tipo, días a la semana y horas/día de ejercicio, y las medidas antropométricas de los participantes. Resultados La puntuación media del HEI-2010 fue de 65,21. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el puntaje HEI-2010 y el IMC [p=0,706], el IMC y los días de ejercicio por semana [p=0,151], las horas/día de ejercicio [p=0,590] y si se es activo [>3 días/semana] [p=0,106]. Por el contrario, el ejercicio influyó significativamente en el IMC [p<0,001]. Conclusiones El control del peso/IMC, al comer menos calorías y hacer ejercicio, puede ser un componente útil en una estrategia de control de peso saludable que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la dieta.

Abstract This study tested the null hypothesis that antihistamine-containing syrup does not change salivary metabolites in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro experiments, saliva from 10 volunteers was mixed with a syrup or pill suspension of loratadine (1 mg/ml Claritin®, Schering-Plough, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). For the in vivo experiment, 10 volunteers performed a mouth rinse with 10 mL of antihistamine syrup (Claritin®; Schering-Plough, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) for 20 seconds and then discarded the rinse water. After 20 seconds, 5 mL of unstimulated whole saliva was spit into a plastic tube kept on ice. The protein profile of in vitro and in vivo experiments was analyzed using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The samples were also analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, followed by Principal Component Analysis and Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). There were differences in salivary metabolites after syrup interaction. The salivary concentrations of acetate, n-caproate, arginine, glutamate, and lysine among other metabolites were reduced with the syrup in both in vivo and in vitro experiments (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed when the pill suspension was used (p > 0.05). Similar changes in metabolite profiles were observed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Electrophoresis revealed no difference in the salivary protein pattern. The null hypothesis was rejected because the intake of syrup medicine changes the salivary composition and influences oral homeostasis and susceptibility to oral diseases.

RESUMO Introdução Competências médicas tornaram-se o ponto central em todos os níveis na educação médica ao redor do mundo. Nesse contexto, Programas de Residência Médica (PRM) no Brasil têm começado a buscar um currículo baseado em competências para aprimorar a formação do especialista. Objetivo Elaborar uma proposta de Matriz de Competências para Programas de Residência Médica em Endocrinologia e Metabologia (MREM). Metodologia O estudo foi dividido em quatro fases. A primeira fase consistiu na revisão bibliográfica e construção da Matriz Piloto. Na segunda fase, em encontro presencial, aplicou-se a Matriz Piloto a endocrinologistas, com posterior análise dos dados e construção da Matriz Estruturada. Na terceira fase, aplicou-se a Matriz Estruturada no Congresso Brasileiro de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (CBEM 2016) a endocrinologistas, com um total de 49 respostas. Com base na metodologia Delphi, analisaram-se as 230 competências de cada uma das matrizes e criou-se um questionário contendo competências com divergência superior a 10% e com as sugestões dos especialistas. Na quarta e última fase, também utilizando-se metologia Delphi, enviou-se por e-mail o questionário e realizou-se análise dos dados e construção da proposta MREM. Resultados Na segunda, terceira e quarta fase, a taxa de resposta dos endocrinologistas foi de 73,3%, 51% e 76,4%, respectivamente, tendo o Sudeste apresentado o maior número de participantes. A Matriz Piloto apresentava 219 competências, a Matriz Estruturada, 230, e a proposta final da MREM, 244. As áreas de competências Diabetes e Obesidade, Síndrome Metabólica e Alterações de Apetite tiveram as maiores modificações e sugestões. Em todas as fases, apenas duas competências foram excluídas. As sugestões da terceira fase foram unanimamente aceitas. Conclusão A proposta de MREM finalizou com 21 áreas e 244 competências, 33 classificadas como pré-requisito, 157 como competência essencial, 36 como desejável e 18 como avançada. As competências distribuíram-se da seguinte forma na MREM: campo “Fundamentos” – 100 competências, 15 pré-requisitos, 65 competências essenciais, 14 desejáveis e 6 avançadas; campo “Conhecimento Específico” – 132 competências, 18 pré-requisitos, 87 competências essenciais, 19 desejáveis e 8 avançadas; e campo “Formação Complementar” – 12 competências, nenhum pré-requisito, 5 competências essenciais, 3 desejáveis e 4 avançadas. A MREM foi aprovada pela Comissão de Formação em Endocrinologia e Metabologia da SBEM e submetida a avaliação no Ministério da Educação (MEC), sendo utilizada como base para a Matriz de Competências de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, publicada pelo Conselho Nacional de Residência Médica (CNRM).

ABSTRACT Introduction Medical competencies have become the focus of Medical Education at all levels around the world. In this context the Medical Residency Programs (MRP) in Brazil have begun to seek a competency-based curriculum to improve the specialist training. Objective To develop a proposed Competency Matrix for Medical Residency Programs in Endocrinology and Metabolism (MREM). Methodology The study was divided into four phases. The first phase consisted of a bibliographical review and construction of the Pilot Matrix. In the second phase the Pilot Matrix was applied to endocrinologists from Belém, with subsequent data analysis and construction of the Structured Matrix. The third phase started with the implementation of the Structured Matrix at the Brazilian Congress of Endocrinology and Metabolism – CBEM 2016 with a total of 49 responses. Based on the Delphi methodology, the 230 competencies of each one of the matrices were analyzed and a questionnaire containing competences with a discrepancy level greater than 10% was created, including some suggestions from the experts. In the fourth and last phase, also using Delphi methodology, the questionnaire was sent by email and data analysis and construction of the MREM proposal was performed. Results In the second, third and fourth phases, the response rate of Endocrinologists was 73.3%, 51% and 76.4%, respectively. With the Southeast region of Brazil presenting the largest number of participants. There are 219 competencies in the Pilot Matrix, 230 in the Structured Matrix and 244 in the final MREM proposal. The competency areas of Diabetes and Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Alterations of Appetite were those which showed major change and suggestions. In all phases, only 2 competencies were excluded. The suggestions made in the third phase were unanimously accepted. Conclusion The MREM proposal was concluded with 21 areas and 244 competencies, 33 classified as prerequisites, 157 as essential competencies, 36 as desirable and 18 as advanced. The competencies were distributed as follows in the MCPRMEM: “Fundamental” field with 100 competencies, with 15 prerequisites, 65 core competencies, 14 desirable and 6 advanced ones; “Specific Knowledge” field with 132 competences, with 18 prerequisites, 87 essential competences, 19 desirable and 8 advanced; and “Complementary Training” field with 12 skills, no prerequisites, 5 core competencies, 3 desirable and 4 advanced skills.

Abstract In Brazil and in other tropical areas Zika virus infection was directly associated with clinical complications as microcephaly in newborn children whose mothers were infected during pregnancy and the Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Recently, research has been focused on developing new vaccines and drug candidates against Zika virus infection since none of those are available. In order to contribute to vaccine and drug development efforts, it becomes important the understanding of the molecular basis of the Zika virus recognition, infection and blockade. To this purpose, it is essential the structural determination of the Zika virus proteins. The genome sequencing of the Zika virus identified ten proteins, being three structural (protein E, protein C and protein prM) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B and NS5). Together, these proteins are the main targets for drugs and antibody recognition. Here we examine new discoveries on high-resolution structural biology of Zika virus, observing the interactions and functions of its proteins identified via state-of-art structural methodologies as X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cryogenic electronic microscopy. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the understanding of the structural basis of Zika virus infection at an atomic level and to point out similarities and differences to others flaviviruses.

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é considerado um fenómeno mundial. A identificação precoce da desnutrição é fundamental para uma intervenção individualizada promovendo e protegendo a saúde do idoso. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência do risco nutricional numa amostra de idosos utentes de um Centro de Saúde de Lisboa pertencente à Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo. Metodologia: Estudo observacional analítico do tipo transversal realizado em 30 idosos (75,4 ± 7,6 anos), utentes de um centro de Saúde de Lisboa. Os dados socioeconómicos, clínicos e de estilo de vida foram obtidos pela aplicação de um questionário de resposta fechada. O peso e a altura foram medidos de acordo com as recomendações da Direção-Geral da Saúde. O Índice de Massa Corporal foi avaliado por comparação com o valor de referência de Lipschitz. A prevalência de desnutrição e risco de desnutrição foi avaliada pela aplicação do Mini Nutritional Assessment - MNA® . Resultados: A maioria dos idosos (93,3%) realiza 3 refeições diárias e 96,7% dos participantes consome menos água diariamente do que o recomendado pela European Food Safety Authority. Dos idosos avaliados, 36,7% dormia menos de 6 horas/noite. A avaliação do Índice de Massa Corporal segundo classificação de Lipschitz indicou que 54,1% dos homens e 65,2% das mulheres tinham excesso de peso. Os resultados da aplicação do MNA® evidenciaram que 16,7% dos idosos estava em risco de desnutrição. Conclusões: A prevalência do risco de desnutrição na amostra estudada é relevante, sendo crucial o acompanhamento nutricional dos participantes em risco nutricional e/ou com excesso de peso, de forma a evitar deterioração no seu estado de saúde e promover um estilo de vida saudável.

Introduction: Population aging is considered a worldwide phenomenon. The early identification of malnutrition is essential for an individualized intervention that promotes and protects the health of the elderly. Objectives: to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional risk in a sample of elderly users of a Lisbon Health Center belonging to the Regional Health Administration of Lisbon and Vale do Tejo. Methodology: An observational analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out on 30 elderly patients from a health center in Lisbon. Socioeconomic, clinical and lifestyle data were obtained by the application of a closed response questionnaire. Weight and height were measured according to the recommendations of the Directorate-General of Health. Body Mass Index was assessed by comparison with the Lipschitz reference value. The prevalence of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition was evaluated by the application of the Mini Nutritional Assessment - MNA®. Results: The majority of the elderly (93.3%) consume 3 meals a day and 96.7% of the participants consume daily less water than the recommended by the European Food Safety Authority. Of the elderly evaluated, 36.7% slept less than 6 hours/night. The assessment of Body Mass Index according to Lipschitz’s classification indicated that 54.1% of men and 65.2% of women were overweight. The results of the application of MNA® showed that 16.7% of the elderly were at risk of malnutrition. Conclusions: The prevalence of the risk of malnutrition in the studied sample is relevant, and nutritional monitoring of participants at nutritional and/or overweight risk is crucial to avoid deterioration in their health status and to promote a healthy lifestyle.

Abstract This work presents the results of a device, MilkTech, developed to detect milk tampering, based on electrical measurements. The device indicates possible frauds by water, sodium chloride, caustic soda, ethyl alcohol and sodium bicarbonate. The advantages in relation to traditional methods are portability, low cost and detection of mixed frauds. The experiments were conducted in dairy plants at Governador Valadares, in Brazil. The results were compared with cryoscopy and chloride tests. It is demonstrated there is high correlation between MilkTech and Cryoscopy. For instance, the detection limit of the equipment for water addition with the set of analyzed data was 0.78% with precision of 1.1%. Adulterations with sodium chloride, caustic soda, ethyl alcohol and sodium bicarbonate are detected qualitatively, even when added with water, and MilkTech indicates “SUSPECT” milk.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a relação entre o estado de nutrição materno e o de crianças dos 0 aos 60 meses em São Tomé e Príncipe (STP). Métodos: caracterizou-se o estado de nutrição de 1.169 crianças pelo Índice Peso/Comprimento (P/C) (≤24meses) e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) para a idade (>24meses) e o estado de nutrição das mães (IMC) A associação entre o estado de nutrição materno e o das crianças foi testada pelo teste do qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado. Resultados: do total da amostra analisada, a maior parte é representada por crianças do sexo feminino (55%). Observa-se média de idade de 25,2±18 meses (mediana 21 meses). Observou-se uma elevada percentagem de desnutrição aguda global nas crianças de 0≤24meses (30,2%) e de 24 ≤60 meses (22,0%), bem como de desnutrição crônica global (32,0% e 41,1% respetivamente). Entre as mães, observou-se elevado percentual de sobrepeso/obesidade (31,6%) e de baixa estatura (16,5%). Das crianças estudadas, 47,5% têm desnutrição aguda global, comparativamente à prevalência em crianças de mães eutróficas (27,9%) ou de mães com sobrepeso/obesidade (22%) (p<0,001). Conclusões: Observou-se elevada prevalência de desnutrição global aguda e crônica nas crianças estudadas e elevada prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade maternas. A desnutrição global aguda dos filhos esteve associada à desnutrição materna.

Abstract Objectives: analyse the relation between the nutritional status of children with 0 to 60 months in São Tome and Principe (STP) and their mothers. Methods: characterization of the nutritional status of 1,169 children for the weight / length ratio (W/L) (≤24months) and Body Mass Index (BMI) for age (>24months) and their mothers. The Chi Square or Fisher tests were used for the study on the relation between the nutritional status of the mother and children, as appropriate. Results: fifty-five percent (55%) of the children are female (median = 21 months). There was a high percentage of global acute malnutrition in the children aged0≤24months (30.2%) and 24≤60months (22%) as well as global chronic malnutrition (32% and 41.1% respectively). We observed a high percentage of overweight /obese mothers (31.6%), with 16.5% of them being of a low height. We observed a significantly higher percentage of children with global acute malnutrition 47.5%) when compared with that which was reported for children of normal mothers (27.9%) or overweight /obese (22%) (p<0,001) mothers. Conclusions: It was observed a high prevalence of acute and chronic global malnutrition in the children studied and a high prevalence of overweight /obese mothers. We observed a statistically significant association between maternal and acute global malnutrition of the children.

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas, o número de casos de infeções de origem alimentar provocadas por Listeria monocytogenes tem vindo a aumentar. Objetivo: Deteção e quantificação de Listeria monocytogenes em queijos de pasta mole produzidos na região a Sul do Tejo. Metodologia: Foram analisadas 30 amostras de queijos de pasta mole de diferentes fabricantes, dos quais 66,7% produzidas a partir de leite de ovelha cru. Resultados: Das amostras analisadas, 10% (n = 3) estavam contaminadas com Listeria monocytogenes e 17% (n = 5) com Listeria innocua. Conclusão: O consumo de queijos de pasta mole está associado com o aumento do risco de ocorrência de listeriose.

Introduction: In the past decades, the number of food poisoning outbreaks brought on by Listeria monocytogenes has been increasing. Methods: We analyzed 30 samples of soft cheeses from different manufacturers, of which 66.7% were produced from raw sheep milk. Results: The presence of L. monocytogenes was detected in 10% (n = 3) of the analyzed samples, and 17% (n = 5) were contaminated with L. innocua. Conclusion: The consumption of soft cheeses is associated with an increased risk of listeriosis.

Background: Acute severe colitis (ASC) remains a challenging complication of ulcerative colitis. The early identification of patients who will not respond to optimal therapy is warranted. Increasing evidence suggests that endoscopy may play a role in predicting important outcomes in acute severe colitis. Methods: The endoscopic activity of consecutive patients with acute severe colitis was evaluated using the Mayo endoscopic sub-score (Mayo) and the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS). Two segmental indexes were also produced by summing the scores of the rectum and sigmoid (seg-Mayo and seg-UCEIS, respectively). Endpoints included the need for salvage therapy with infliximab or cyclosporine, refractoriness to corticosteroids, and colectomy. Results: Of one hundred and eight patients enrolled in the study, 60 (55.6%) were male; with a median age of 34.5 years (range 15-80). All patients received intravenous steroids. Fifty-nine patients (55.6%) showed an incomplete or absent response to steroids, 35 patients (34.3%) received salvage therapy with infliximab or cyclosporine and 38 patients (33.3%) were colectomized during the index hospitalization or within the first year of follow-up. All scores were able to predict the need for surgery, but only the seg-UCEIS significantly predicted refractoriness to steroids. Conclusions: There was a strong correlation between endoscopic severity and unfavorable outcomes. The UCEIS outperformed the Mayo endoscopic sub-score in all important outcomes. Segmental scoring further improved the performance of the UCEIS.